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Neodymium‑iron‑boron magnetic materials, as a new achievement in the development of rare‑earth permanent magnets, are known as the “king of magnets” due to their outstanding magnetic properties.

　　Neodymium–iron–boron magnetic materials are alloys of neodymium, iron oxide, and other elements. They are also known as “magnet steel” and are referred to in English as NdFeB.

　　Neodymium‑iron‑boron (NdFeB) materials contain significant amounts of neodymium and iron, making them prone to corrosion. Therefore, NdFeB magnets must undergo surface coating treatments. Surface chemical passivation is currently one of the most effective solutions. With its high magnetic energy product and coercivity, coupled with a high energy density, NdFeB permanent magnet material has found widespread applications in modern industry and electronic technologies, enabling the miniaturization, weight reduction, and thinning of devices such as instruments, electroacoustic equipment, and magnetic separation and magnetization systems. The advantages of NdFeB include excellent cost‑performance and favorable mechanical properties; however, its drawbacks are a relatively low Curie temperature, poor thermal stability, and susceptibility to pulverization and corrosion. These limitations can be mitigated by optimizing its chemical composition and employing appropriate surface‑treatment methods, thereby meeting the requirements of practical applications.